{"id":11675,"date":"2025-08-31T09:47:35","date_gmt":"2025-08-31T09:47:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/origines-de-la-bipedie-humaine\/"},"modified":"2025-09-05T13:36:43","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T13:36:43","slug":"origins-of-human-bipedalism","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/origins-of-human-bipedalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Origins of human bipedalism"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11675\" class=\"elementor elementor-11675\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-300d20dc conteneur_vid_0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"300d20dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88d39114 conteneur_ariane_vid_0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"88d39114\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-326ca43d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"326ca43d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fca4832 ariane_vid_0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"6fca4832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"breadcrumbs\" class=\"rank-math-breadcrumb\"><p><span class=\"last\">Welcome<\/span><\/p><\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d43e7aa video_vid_1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d43e7aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b70dfb1b video_vid_1 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"b70dfb1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/dQZx5M16HHc&quot;,&quot;lazy_load&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99013997 conteneur_principal_vid_0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"99013997\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce850c71 e-con-full sticky-sidebar colonne_gauche_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ce850c71\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-882d75d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"882d75d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26173c76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"26173c76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acb8fa2f e-con-full colonne_vid_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"acb8fa2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54f773ce colonne_vid_1 pv-tv-label aleft elementor-widget-icon-box wgl-icon-box wgl-view-default button-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"54f773ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper wgl-layout-left\"><span class=\"media-wrapper icon-wrapper\"><span class=\"wgl-icon\" ><svg class=\"icon elementor-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fab-youtube\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/span><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h3 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-d587a21\">Video type:<\/span><\/span><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"wgl-button-wrapper\"><a  class=\"wgl-infobox_button wgl-button no_text no_media\"><div class=\"button__content\"><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07588f1b colonne_vid_2 pv-tv-value aleft button-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"07588f1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper\"><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h3 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"wgl-button-wrapper\"><a  class=\"wgl-infobox_button wgl-button  no_media\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">Educational video<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6c17d84 e-con-full colonne_vid_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a6c17d84\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-546259c3 colonne_vid_1 aleft button-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"546259c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper\"><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h3 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-d587a21\">Anatomy:<\/span><\/span><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"wgl-button-wrapper\"><a  class=\"wgl-infobox_button wgl-button  no_media\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">Foot<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80c86c78 colonne_vid_1 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile aleft button-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"80c86c78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper\"><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h3 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-d587a21\">Surgery:<\/span><\/span><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"wgl-button-wrapper\"><a  class=\"wgl-infobox_button wgl-button  no_media\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">##Type_of_surgery##<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6c53c46 colonne_vid_1 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile aleft button-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"f6c53c46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper\"><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h3 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-d587a21\">Pathology:<\/span><\/span><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"wgl-button-wrapper\"><a  class=\"wgl-infobox_button wgl-button  no_media\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">Functional foot disorders; Joint overload; Growth imbalance<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-736dbc10 colonne_vid_1 aleft button-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"736dbc10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper\"><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h3 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-d587a21\">Thematic:<\/span><\/span><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"wgl-button-wrapper\"><a  class=\"wgl-infobox_button wgl-button  no_media\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">Anatomy and symptoms<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8c1f1bd e-con-full colonne_vid_0 pv-cta-card e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d8c1f1bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff271e2f conteneur_spec_vid_6 elementor-widget__width-inherit aleft elementor-widget-icon-box wgl-icon-box elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button\" data-id=\"ff271e2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" style=\"\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wgl-button  align-icon-left\" href=\"\/en\/consultation\/\" role=\"button\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"media-wrapper icon-wrapper\"><span class=\"wgl-icon\" ><svg class=\"icon elementor-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fas-calendar-day\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 464c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V192H0v272zm64-192c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h96c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v96c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H80c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16v-96zM400 64h-48V16c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16h-32c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v48H160V16c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16h-32c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v48h448v-48c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/span><span class=\"button__text\">Consultations<\/span><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93372a6d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93372a6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-715aea7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"715aea7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1c8cd1a e-con-full conteneur_droit_vid_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f1c8cd1a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59eb9c5d e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"59eb9c5d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3132013 titre_vid_1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d3132013\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origins of human bipedalism<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53c444cf paragraphe_vid_1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53c444cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr. Vallotton traces the history of human bipedalism through an anthropological approach, exploring the evolution of the foot, its function in locomotion, and its aquatic origins.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64f0d5c5 e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64f0d5c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-627bd6e5 tabs_vid_1 tabs-full-width-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-tabs\" data-id=\"627bd6e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-tabs wgl-tabs_swiper-wrapper tabs_align-justify\">\n            <div class=\"wgl-tabs_headings-wrap swiper\">\n                <div class=\"wgl-tabs_headings swiper-wrapper\"><h4 data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1651\" class=\"wgl-tabs_header swiper-slide\">\n                    <span class=\"wgl-tabs_title\">Doctors<\/span>\n\n                    \n                <\/h4><h4 data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1652\" class=\"wgl-tabs_header swiper-slide\">\n                    <span class=\"wgl-tabs_title\">Topics<\/span>\n\n                    \n                <\/h4><h4 data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1653\" class=\"wgl-tabs_header swiper-slide\">\n                    <span class=\"wgl-tabs_title\">Treatments<\/span>\n\n                    \n                <\/h4><h4 data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1654\" class=\"wgl-tabs_header swiper-slide\">\n                    <span class=\"wgl-tabs_title\">Advice<\/span>\n\n                    \n                <\/h4><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"wgl-tabs_content-wrap\">                <div data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1651\" class=\"wgl-tabs_content\">\n                    <ul class=\"vireon_dot list_primary_color\"><li class=\"translation-block\"><span><span class=\"word\"><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 30ms\">D<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 60ms\">r<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"word\"><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 120ms\">J<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 150ms\">a<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 180ms\">c<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 210ms\">q<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 240ms\">u<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 270ms\">e<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 300ms\">s<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"word\"><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 360ms\">V<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 390ms\">a<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 420ms\">l<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 450ms\">l<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 480ms\">o<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 510ms\">t<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 540ms\">t<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 570ms\">o<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 600ms\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>                <\/div>\n\n                            <div data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1652\" class=\"wgl-tabs_content\">\n                    <ul class=\"vireon_dot list_primary_color\"><li>History of bipedalism<\/li><li>Evolution of the foot<\/li><li>Differences with monkeys<\/li><li>Aquatic origins<\/li><\/ul>                <\/div>\n\n                            <div data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1653\" class=\"wgl-tabs_content\">\n                    <ul class=\"vireon_check_circle list_primary_color\"><\/ul>                <\/div>\n\n                            <div data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1654\" class=\"wgl-tabs_content\">\n                    <ul class=\"vireon_check list_primary_color\"><li>Permanent bipedalism<\/li><li>Reptilian foot<\/li><li>Aquatic origin<\/li><li>Anatomy of the foot<\/li><\/ul>                <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n        <\/div><!-- .wgl-tabs -->\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7a6e17c elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"c7a6e17c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4d9615e e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4d9615e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f15f162d titre_vid_2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f15f162d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why our feet make us bipeds<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-052ab64d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"052ab64d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bipedalism is not simply about &quot;walking on two feet.&quot; It requires a stable foot, capable of providing propulsion and balance, and of organizing the lumbopelvic chain. The evolutionary history of the human foot sheds light on this stability: ancient, adapted, and specialized structures enabled efficient and repeated walking, freeing the hand for grasping and fine-grained tasks.<br><br>Understanding this lineage helps to better reason modern clinical assessment, from the simple gesture of walking to sporting demands.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae6d7465 e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae6d7465\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b628d658 titre_vid_2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b628d658\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">From distant origins to modern walking<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c657cd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c657cd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fossil footprints and comparative analysis suggest a long-standing bipedalism, distinguishing our lineage from mere &quot;occasional bipedism.&quot; The linear progression and management of trunk swing reflect a foot oriented for prolonged walking. Over time, this pattern shaped the entire skeleton and statics, from the ankle to the spine.<br><br>This continuity explains the sensitivity of the kinetic chain: a distal restriction leads to proximal adaptations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae64dbde e-con-full conteneur_citation_vid_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae64dbde\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5972c72 conteneur_citation_vid_1 aleft elementor-widget-icon-box wgl-icon-box wgl-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"b5972c72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper wgl-layout-left\"><span class=\"media-wrapper icon-wrapper\"><span class=\"wgl-icon\" ><svg class=\"icon elementor-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fas-quote-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M464 256h-80v-64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64h8c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V56c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24h-8c-88.4 0-160 71.6-160 160v240c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h128c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V304c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm-288 0H96v-64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64h8c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V56c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24h-8C71.6 32 0 103.6 0 192v240c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h128c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V304c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/span><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h5 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-56c0705\">Our foot makes us a true permanent biped.<\/span><\/span><\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb3adf23 e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bb3adf23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5b64f2c titre_vid_2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e5b64f2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A \u201cprimitive\u201d, specific and effective foot<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-663e1df7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"663e1df7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The human foot retains ancient features while exhibiting unique characteristics. Its function is not to grasp, but to provide stable support, efficient propulsion, and precise guidance of the lower limb. This orientation explains the importance of the forefoot, midfoot, and subtalar joints in controlling the gait cycle.<br><br>From this perspective, the slightest local dysfunction can resonate remotely on the knee, the hip and the spine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0aed1ea2 e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0aed1ea2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5109e905 titre_vid_2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5109e905\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dorsiflexion and role of the metatarsophalangeals<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c93fc6ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c93fc6ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In humans, a significant portion of the dorsiflexion needed for propulsion occurs at the metatarsophalangeal joints, particularly the big toe. This mechanism determines the entry into supination at the end of support, stabilizes the foot lever, and prepares for knee and hip extension. When this movement is limited, the entire synchronization shifts and the walking movement becomes disorganized.<br><br>The functional assessment of the forefoot is therefore an essential part of the assessment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78977b04 e-con-full conteneur_citation_vid_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"78977b04\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e00933 conteneur_citation_vid_1 aleft elementor-widget-icon-box wgl-icon-box wgl-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"26e00933\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper wgl-layout-left\"><span class=\"media-wrapper icon-wrapper\"><span class=\"wgl-icon\" ><svg class=\"icon elementor-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fas-quote-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M464 256h-80v-64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64h8c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V56c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24h-8c-88.4 0-160 71.6-160 160v240c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h128c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V304c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm-288 0H96v-64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64h8c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V56c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24h-8C71.6 32 0 103.6 0 192v240c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h128c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V304c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/span><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h5 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-56c0705\">The stability of the foot freed the man&#039;s hand.<\/span><\/span><\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba3f4f72 e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba3f4f72\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20daf0fd titre_vid_2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"20daf0fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aquatic origins: what this changes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94c3a0ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94c3a0ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The hypothesis of aquatic origins emphasizes functional traits (breath control, skin adaptation, hair removal) that may have favored the emergence of a particular locomotor pattern. Without settling the debates, this reading reminds us that the function is part of a history, and that stable support was decisive in relieving the hand and favoring the use of tools and then language.<br><br>For clinical practice, the message is simple: preserving the support function means preserving the entire chain.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b6949d1 e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b6949d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc18b24c titre_vid_2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc18b24c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contemporary clinical implications<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af020469 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af020469\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Foot examination is always considered holistically: posture, segmental mobility, inter-joint synchronization, and motor control. Preventing gait disorders involves maintaining forefoot mobility, working on the plantar tripod, and pelvic control. This biomechanical approach, informed by evolution, supports both performance and joint longevity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-467568fb e-con-full conteneur_tags_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"467568fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81e3a5c8 conteneur_tags_1 aleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button\" data-id=\"81e3a5c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" style=\"\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wgl-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/research\/bipedalism\/\" role=\"button\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">bipedalism<\/span><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2747d8f1 conteneur_tags_1 aleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button\" data-id=\"2747d8f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" style=\"\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wgl-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/research\/human-foot\/\" role=\"button\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">human foot<\/span><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be24fbae conteneur_tags_1 aleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button\" data-id=\"be24fbae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" style=\"\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wgl-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/research\/evolution\/\" role=\"button\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">evolution<\/span><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34c8bbf3 conteneur_tags_1 aleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button\" data-id=\"34c8bbf3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" style=\"\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wgl-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/research\/anthropology\/\" role=\"button\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">anthropology<\/span><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e878306a conteneur_tags_1 aleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button\" data-id=\"e878306a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" style=\"\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wgl-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/research\/primitive-foot\/\" role=\"button\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">primitive foot<\/span><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77eca5f3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"77eca5f3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ecd7d94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5ecd7d94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62c2e0cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"62c2e0cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45e1a43e elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"45e1a43e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a47c3fc4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a47c3fc4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ec8b78e elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"1ec8b78e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. Vallotton traces the history of human bipedalism through an anthropological approach, exploring the evolution of the foot, its function in locomotion, and its aquatic origins.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15081,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,76],"tags":[303,301,302,289,304],"class_list":["post-11675","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dr-jacques-vallotton","category-videos","tag-anthropologie","tag-bipedie","tag-evolution","tag-pied-humain","tag-pied-primitif"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11675"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11675\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}