{"id":11708,"date":"2025-08-29T09:48:10","date_gmt":"2025-08-29T09:48:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/levolution-du-pied-humain-perspective-paleontologique\/"},"modified":"2025-09-06T12:39:20","modified_gmt":"2025-09-06T12:39:20","slug":"the-evolution-of-the-human-foot-paleontological-perspective","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/the-evolution-of-the-human-foot-paleontological-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"The Evolution of the Human Foot: A Paleontological Perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11708\" class=\"elementor elementor-11708\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-becdc83e conteneur_vid_0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"becdc83e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92e03bbe conteneur_ariane_vid_0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"92e03bbe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd966677 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dd966677\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e887ff3 ariane_vid_0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"1e887ff3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"breadcrumbs\" class=\"rank-math-breadcrumb\"><p><span class=\"last\">Welcome<\/span><\/p><\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14c1f415 video_vid_1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14c1f415\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0728c504 video_vid_1 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"0728c504\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/2dq2Dz9uGJI&quot;,&quot;lazy_load&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce1e5704 conteneur_principal_vid_0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ce1e5704\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e27ac12 e-con-full sticky-sidebar colonne_gauche_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e27ac12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb59e525 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eb59e525\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c54f119b elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"c54f119b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e41a7156 e-con-full colonne_vid_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e41a7156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04c6dff4 colonne_vid_1 pv-tv-label aleft elementor-widget-icon-box wgl-icon-box wgl-view-default button-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"04c6dff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper wgl-layout-left\"><span class=\"media-wrapper icon-wrapper\"><span class=\"wgl-icon\" ><svg class=\"icon elementor-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fab-youtube\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/span><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h3 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-d587a21\">Video type:<\/span><\/span><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"wgl-button-wrapper\"><a  class=\"wgl-infobox_button wgl-button no_text no_media\"><div class=\"button__content\"><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e14bce7 colonne_vid_2 pv-tv-value aleft button-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"8e14bce7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper\"><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h3 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"wgl-button-wrapper\"><a  class=\"wgl-infobox_button wgl-button  no_media\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">Specialized presentation<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1083b4de e-con-full colonne_vid_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1083b4de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeadae04 colonne_vid_1 aleft button-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"aeadae04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper\"><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h3 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-d587a21\">Anatomy:<\/span><\/span><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"wgl-button-wrapper\"><a  class=\"wgl-infobox_button wgl-button  no_media\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">Foot<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdc03815 colonne_vid_1 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile aleft button-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"cdc03815\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper\"><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h3 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-d587a21\">Surgery:<\/span><\/span><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"wgl-button-wrapper\"><a  class=\"wgl-infobox_button wgl-button  no_media\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">##Type_of_surgery##<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b623267b colonne_vid_1 aleft button-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"b623267b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper\"><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h3 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-d587a21\">Pathology:<\/span><\/span><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"wgl-button-wrapper\"><a  class=\"wgl-infobox_button wgl-button  no_media\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">Hallux rigidus; Hallux valgus<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b61f1a4 colonne_vid_1 aleft button-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"0b61f1a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper\"><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h3 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-d587a21\">Thematic:<\/span><\/span><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"wgl-button-wrapper\"><a  class=\"wgl-infobox_button wgl-button  no_media\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">Anatomy and symptoms<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dba06d4 e-con-full colonne_vid_0 pv-cta-card e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4dba06d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60e5a06d conteneur_spec_vid_6 elementor-widget__width-inherit aleft elementor-widget-icon-box wgl-icon-box elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button\" data-id=\"60e5a06d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" style=\"\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wgl-button  align-icon-left\" href=\"\/en\/consultation\/\" role=\"button\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"media-wrapper icon-wrapper\"><span class=\"wgl-icon\" ><svg class=\"icon elementor-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fas-calendar-day\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 464c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V192H0v272zm64-192c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h96c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v96c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H80c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16v-96zM400 64h-48V16c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16h-32c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v48H160V16c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16h-32c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v48h448v-48c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/span><span class=\"button__text\">Consultations<\/span><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3678f337 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3678f337\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2bb763c elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"b2bb763c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f8ff003 e-con-full conteneur_droit_vid_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6f8ff003\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1caf8c55 e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1caf8c55\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d738f675 titre_vid_1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d738f675\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Evolution of the Human Foot: A Paleontological Perspective<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f933d312 paragraphe_vid_1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f933d312\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In this original presentation, Dr. Vallotton explores the evolution of the human foot through the prism of paleontology, highlighting anatomical specificities, locomotor adaptations and the implications for certain current pathologies such as hallux valgus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a3eeffd e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a3eeffd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75059a4a tabs_vid_1 tabs-full-width-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-tabs\" data-id=\"75059a4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-tabs wgl-tabs_swiper-wrapper tabs_align-justify\">\n            <div class=\"wgl-tabs_headings-wrap swiper\">\n                <div class=\"wgl-tabs_headings swiper-wrapper\"><h4 data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1961\" class=\"wgl-tabs_header swiper-slide\">\n                    <span class=\"wgl-tabs_title\">Doctors<\/span>\n\n                    \n                <\/h4><h4 data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1962\" class=\"wgl-tabs_header swiper-slide\">\n                    <span class=\"wgl-tabs_title\">Topics<\/span>\n\n                    \n                <\/h4><h4 data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1963\" class=\"wgl-tabs_header swiper-slide\">\n                    <span class=\"wgl-tabs_title\">Treatments<\/span>\n\n                    \n                <\/h4><h4 data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1964\" class=\"wgl-tabs_header swiper-slide\">\n                    <span class=\"wgl-tabs_title\">Advice<\/span>\n\n                    \n                <\/h4><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"wgl-tabs_content-wrap\">                <div data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1961\" class=\"wgl-tabs_content\">\n                    <ul class=\"vireon_dot list_primary_color\"><li class=\"translation-block\"><span><span class=\"word\"><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 30ms\">D<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 60ms\">r<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"word\"><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 120ms\">J<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 150ms\">a<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 180ms\">c<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 210ms\">q<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 240ms\">u<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 270ms\">e<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 300ms\">s<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"word\"><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 360ms\">V<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 390ms\">a<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 420ms\">l<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 450ms\">l<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 480ms\">o<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 510ms\">t<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 540ms\">t<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 570ms\">o<\/span><span class=\"target fadeIn\" style=\"--wgl-text-delay: 600ms\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>                <\/div>\n\n                            <div data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1962\" class=\"wgl-tabs_content\">\n                    <ul class=\"vireon_dot list_primary_color\"><li>Evolution of vertebrates<\/li><li>Specificities of the human foot<\/li><li>Human-ape differences<\/li><li>Archaic reflexes<\/li><li>Biomechanical consequences<\/li><\/ul>                <\/div>\n\n                            <div data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1963\" class=\"wgl-tabs_content\">\n                    <ul class=\"vireon_check_circle list_primary_color\"><li>Biomechanical analysis<\/li><li>Orthoses<\/li><li>Evolutionary thinking<\/li><\/ul>                <\/div>\n\n                            <div data-tab-id=\"wgl-tab_1964\" class=\"wgl-tabs_content\">\n                    <ul class=\"vireon_check list_primary_color\"><li>Paleontological origin of the human foot<\/li><li>Importance of MP1 in locomotion<\/li><li>Influence of evolution on current pathologies<\/li><li>Link between bone shape and posture<\/li><\/ul>                <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n        <\/div><!-- .wgl-tabs -->\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19b5fb5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"19b5fb5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35beec6f e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35beec6f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48b4238a titre_vid_2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48b4238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why the human foot still poses questions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42a8d978 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42a8d978\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The foot is a highly complex locomotor organ, the result of a long and non-linear evolutionary history. Its current shape reflects adaptive choices that are not identical to those of other primates. Understanding these trajectories sheds light on walking, running, and certain forefoot pathologies observed today.<br><br>From this perspective, paleontological reading provides benchmarks: the appearance of the first primates, occasional bipedalism of australopithecines, and the progressive acquisition of mechanics conducive to endurance. These stages shaped an architecture adapted to prolonged support and economy of effort.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e532e724 e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e532e724\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d49033a2 titre_vid_2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d49033a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paleontological landmarks: from mangroves to plains<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-867535a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"867535a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Evolutionary hypotheses suggest a proto-hominid ancestor capable of evolving in mixed aquatic and terrestrial environments. Over time, the verticalization of the talus above the calcaneus, the elongation of the levers, and group organization favored endurance running. These adaptations modified the use of the foot and the synchronization of the proximal chains.<br><br>The fossil discoveries, although fragmentary, show variations in footprints, the position of the big toe, and the shape of the calcaneus as markers of evolution. They shed light on a path where environmental constraints, posture, and movement strategies coexist.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5cc9274 e-con-full conteneur_citation_vid_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5cc9274\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6e5b1b3 conteneur_citation_vid_1 aleft elementor-widget-icon-box wgl-icon-box wgl-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"d6e5b1b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper wgl-layout-left\"><span class=\"media-wrapper icon-wrapper\"><span class=\"wgl-icon\" ><svg class=\"icon elementor-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fas-quote-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M464 256h-80v-64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64h8c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V56c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24h-8c-88.4 0-160 71.6-160 160v240c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h128c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V304c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm-288 0H96v-64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64h8c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V56c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24h-8C71.6 32 0 103.6 0 192v240c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h128c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V304c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/span><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h5 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-56c0705\">The human foot is a constantly evolving organ.<\/span><\/span><\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfcd469e e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cfcd469e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-034dfa60 titre_vid_2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"034dfa60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comparing man and ape: two propulsion mechanisms<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1e07461 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1e07461\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In humans, dorsiflexion at the end of stance occurs primarily at the first ray metatarsophalangeal joint, promoting efficient propulsion. In monkeys, flexion is more organized at the midtarsal joint, making the foot more prehensile but less efficient for prolonged walking. This difference explains distinct motor strategies and characteristic podiatric signatures.<br><br>Thus, where man seeks dynamic stability with a first guiding ray, the monkey values adaptation and grip. The contrast highlights the role of the big toe in the orientation of the forefoot and the continuity of support.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9a746ee e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9a746ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2ed9712 titre_vid_2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e2ed9712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The \u201ccoxa pedis\u201d: a hinge for stability<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee8c397f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee8c397f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The talocalcaneonavicular joint functions like a true hip of the foot. Its rotational action coordinates the pronation-supination transition and synchronizes the alignment of the overlying segments. A blockage or shift in this rhythm is reflected down to the knee and hip, with sometimes costly postural adaptations.<br><br>This functional reading reminds us that walking is an orchestration: a local restriction can shift constraints elsewhere. Clinical observation must therefore integrate the entire chain, and not just the plantar footprint.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba111a83 e-con-full conteneur_citation_vid_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba111a83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8788f385 conteneur_citation_vid_1 aleft elementor-widget-icon-box wgl-icon-box wgl-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-infobox\" data-id=\"8788f385\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-infobox.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wgl-infobox_bg_wrapper\"><\/div><div class=\"wgl-infobox\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox_wrapper wgl-layout-left\"><span class=\"media-wrapper icon-wrapper\"><span class=\"wgl-icon\" ><svg class=\"icon elementor-icon e-font-icon-svg e-fas-quote-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M464 256h-80v-64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64h8c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V56c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24h-8c-88.4 0-160 71.6-160 160v240c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h128c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V304c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm-288 0H96v-64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64h8c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V56c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24h-8C71.6 32 0 103.6 0 192v240c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h128c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V304c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/span><div class=\"content_wrapper\"><div class=\"wgl-infobox-title_wrapper\"><h5 class=\"wgl-infobox_title\"><span class=\"wgl-infobox_title-idle\"><span class=\"elementor-repeater-item-56c0705\">We have probably retained a very primitive foot.<\/span><\/span><\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8826e842 e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8826e842\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-038ef127 titre_vid_2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"038ef127\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Morphological variations: diversity and constants<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-111b4fe4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"111b4fe4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Foot morphology shows significant variations between individuals: width of the calcaneus, arches, orientation of the first ray, and depth of the retrotalar groove. These differences, the result of habitus and adaptations, are expressed in the footprint and walking kinematics.<br><br>Despite this diversity, certain constants remain: the leading role of the hallux in propulsion, alternating pronation and supination, and the search for dynamic balance. The analysis must distinguish between what is an anatomical variant and what disrupts function.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0885e005 e-con-full conteneur_vid_1 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0885e005\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd759f34 titre_vid_2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd759f34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Clinical implications: shedding light on certain pathologies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f80519d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f80519d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Evolutionary understanding helps interpret the emergence of forefoot disorders, including hallux valgus and certain rigidus. Rapid height and weight growth and modern constraints can exceed adaptive capacities, creating mechanical conflicts. Linking form to function allows for more coherent management strategies.<br><br>In practice, the examination combines observation of gait, targeted mobility tests and reading of support. This global view places the foot in the continuity of the lower limb and posture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3d547e5 e-con-full conteneur_tags_0 e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3d547e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03367bb0 conteneur_tags_1 aleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button\" data-id=\"03367bb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" style=\"\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wgl-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/research\/human-foot\/\" role=\"button\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">human foot<\/span><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a762805a conteneur_tags_1 aleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button\" data-id=\"a762805a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" style=\"\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wgl-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/research\/foot-evolution\/\" role=\"button\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">foot evolution<\/span><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00f23355 conteneur_tags_1 aleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button\" data-id=\"00f23355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" style=\"\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wgl-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/research\/hallux-valgus\/\" role=\"button\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">hallux valgus<\/span><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc294724 conteneur_tags_1 aleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button\" data-id=\"fc294724\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" style=\"\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wgl-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/research\/paleontology\/\" role=\"button\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">paleontology<\/span><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-859e7121 conteneur_tags_1 aleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-wgl-button\" data-id=\"859e7121\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" style=\"\" data-widget_type=\"wgl-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wgl-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/research\/biomechanics\/\" role=\"button\"><div class=\"button__content\"><span class=\"button__text\">biomechanics<\/span><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bfb8c4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9bfb8c4f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a14c3b5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"a14c3b5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98da99c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"98da99c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21ef50ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"21ef50ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc8dcfa7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cc8dcfa7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e20be39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"9e20be39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this original presentation, Dr. Vallotton explores the evolution of the human foot through the prism of paleontology, highlighting the anatomical specificities<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14856,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,76],"tags":[157,291,160,292,289],"class_list":["post-11708","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dr-jacques-vallotton","category-videos","tag-biomecanique","tag-evolution-pied","tag-hallux-valgus","tag-paleontologie","tag-pied-humain"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11708","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11708"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11708\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11708"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11708"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.centre-ortho.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}